Journal of Biogeography (J. Biogeogr.) (2010) 37, 995–1006
The fellowship of the hobbit: the fauna
surrounding Homo floresiensis
Hanneke J. M. Meijer1*, Lars W. van den Hoek Ostende1,
Gert D. van den Bergh1,2 and John de Vos1
ABSTRACT
The Late Pleistocene Flores fauna shows a pattern observed on many other
islands. It is neither aberrant nor exclusive, but the result of non-random selective
forces acting upon an impoverished and disharmonic insular fauna. By comparing
the Flores vertebrate fauna with other fossil insular biotas, it is apparent
that the evolution of Homo floresiensis is part of a general pattern affecting all the
inhabitants of Pleistocene Flores. Vertebrate evolution on Flores appears to have
been characterized by phylogenetic continuity, low species richness and a disharmonic
fauna. All three aspects stem from the isolated position of the island
and have resulted in the distinct morphological characteristics of the Flores fauna.
Evidence reviewed herein shows that features exhibited by H. floresiensis, such as
small stature, a small brain, relatively long arms, robust lower limbs and long feet,
are not unique, but are shared by other insular taxa. Therefore, the evolution of
H. floresiensis can be explained by existing models of insular evolution and
followed evolutionary pathways similar to those of the other terrestrial vertebrates
inhabiting Pleistocene Flores.